Data from: 5-HT2ARs in layer 5 pyramidal neurons mediate the neuroplastic but not the hallucinogenic effects of psilocybin
Data files
Sep 22, 2026 version files 61.45 KB
-
dendritic_imaging_mouse_list.csv
3.27 KB
-
Extended_Data_Fig1A.csv
2.08 KB
-
Extended_Data_Fig1B.csv
833 B
-
Extended_Data_Fig2B.csv
391 B
-
Extended_Data_Fig2C.csv
635 B
-
Extended_Data_Fig3.csv
8.22 KB
-
Extended_Data_Fig4B.csv
525 B
-
Extended_Data_Fig5.csv
396 B
-
Extended_Data_Fig6A.csv
781 B
-
Extended_Data_Fig6B.csv
474 B
-
Extended_Data_Fig6C.csv
544 B
-
Fig1A.csv
1.42 KB
-
Fig1C.csv
691 B
-
Fig1E.csv
634 B
-
Fig1F.csv
435 B
-
Fig1G.csv
416 B
-
Fig1H.csv
447 B
-
Fig1K.csv
527 B
-
Fig1L.csv
575 B
-
Fig1M.csv
710 B
-
Fig1O.csv
700 B
-
Fig1P.csv
694 B
-
Fig1Q.csv
940 B
-
Fig1R.csv
346 B
-
Fig1S.csv
351 B
-
Fig2B.csv
455 B
-
Fig2C.csv
262 B
-
Fig2E.csv
973 B
-
Fig2F.csv
387 B
-
Fig2G.csv
459 B
-
Fig3A.csv
410 B
-
Fig3B.csv
207 B
-
Fig3D.csv
795 B
-
Fig3E.csv
406 B
-
Fig3F.csv
472 B
-
mouse_behavior_list.csv
4.01 KB
-
README.md
25.57 KB
Oct 06, 2026 version files 63.20 KB
-
dendritic_imaging_mouse_list.csv
3.27 KB
-
Extended_Data_Fig1A.csv
2.08 KB
-
Extended_Data_Fig1B.csv
833 B
-
Extended_Data_Fig2B.csv
391 B
-
Extended_Data_Fig2C.csv
635 B
-
Extended_Data_Fig3.csv
8.22 KB
-
Extended_Data_Fig4B.csv
525 B
-
Extended_Data_Fig5.csv
396 B
-
Extended_Data_Fig6A.csv
781 B
-
Extended_Data_Fig6B.csv
474 B
-
Extended_Data_Fig6C.csv
544 B
-
Fig1A.csv
1.42 KB
-
Fig1C.csv
691 B
-
Fig1E.csv
634 B
-
Fig1F.csv
435 B
-
Fig1G.csv
416 B
-
Fig1H.csv
447 B
-
Fig1K.csv
527 B
-
Fig1L.csv
575 B
-
Fig1M.csv
697 B
-
Fig1O.csv
700 B
-
Fig1P.csv
694 B
-
Fig1Q.csv
940 B
-
Fig1R.csv
346 B
-
Fig1S.csv
351 B
-
Fig2B.csv
455 B
-
Fig2C.csv
262 B
-
Fig2E.csv
973 B
-
Fig2F.csv
387 B
-
Fig2G.csv
459 B
-
Fig3A.csv
410 B
-
Fig3B.csv
207 B
-
Fig3D.csv
795 B
-
Fig3E.csv
406 B
-
Fig3F.csv
472 B
-
mouse_behavior_list.csv
4.01 KB
-
README.md
27.34 KB
Abstract
This data was collected to investigate the role of serotonin 2A receptors (5-HT2ARs) expressed in cortical layer 5 pyramidal neurons (L5 PyrNs) in psilocybin-induced hallucination-like behavior and synaptic neuroplasticity in mice. The dataset contains head-twitch response (HTR) counts recorded after psilocybin or saline injection, and dendritic spine dynamics measured by longitudinal in vivo two-photon imaging of apical tuft dendrites of L5 PyrNs in the somatosensory cortex of Thy1-GFP-M mice.
Dataset DOI: 10.5061/dryad.XXXXXXX
Description of the data and file structure
This data was collected to investigate the role of serotonin 2A receptors (5-HT2ARs) expressed in cortical layer 5 pyramidal neurons (L5 PyrNs) in psilocybin-induced hallucination-like behavior and synaptic neuroplasticity in mice. The dataset contains head-twitch response (HTR) counts recorded after psilocybin or saline injection, and dendritic spine dynamics measured by longitudinal in vivo two-photon imaging of apical tuft dendrites of L5 PyrNs in the somatosensory cortex of Thy1-GFP-M mice.
Psi: psilocybin; intraperitoneal doses are given in mg/kg body weight, with 0.9% saline as the vehicle control. HTR: head-twitch response, counted during the 20 min after injection. UMS: unpredictable mild stress (21 days). Genotypes: WT (wild type), FKO (5-HT2AR full knockout, htr2a stop/stop), CR (conditional rescue, Rbp4-Cre+; htr2a stop/stop), fl/fl (floxed control, htr2a flox/flox), CKO (conditional knockout, Rbp4-Cre+; htr2a flox/flox).
Mouse IDs beginning with 'a' refer to mice with cranial window implantations for longitudinal in vivo two-photon imaging experiments listed in dendritic_imaging_mouse_list.csv; IDs beginning with 'b' refer to HTR behavior mice listed in mouse_behavior_list.csv. In all spine dynamics files, 'spine d0' is the number of spines counted at the imaging session at the start of the imaging interval, 'formation' is the number of new spines present at the end of the imaging interval, 'elimination' is the number of spines present on d0 not present at the end of the imaging interval, form % =formation/spinee d0 x 100, elim % =elimination/spinee d0 x 100, and density change % = form % - elim %. Each row corresponds to one mouse unless noted otherwise. NA indicates that data is not available for that mouse during that session.
Files and variables
File: mouse_behavior_list.csv
Description: Master list of all mice used in HTR behavior experiments
Column descriptions
- ID: Unique mouse identifier (b001-b100).
- genotype: Mouse genotype; WT, FKO, CR, fl/fl, or CKO.
- dose: Treatment received; saline, 0.3 mg/kg, 1 mg/kg, or 3 mg/kg psilocybin.
- DOB: Date of birth (M/D/YYYY).
- Exp Date: Date of the HTR recording (M/D/YYYY).
- sex: Biological sex of the mouse; male (M) or female (F).
File: dendritic_imaging_mouse_list.csv
Description: Master list of all mice used in in vivo two-photon spine imaging experiments (Fig. 1c-s, Fig. 2c-g, Fig. 3b-f, Extended Data Fig. 2-6).
Column descriptions
- ID: Unique mouse identifier (a001-a079).
- UMS?: Whether the mouse underwent 21 d of unpredictable mild stress; yes (Y) or no (N).
- PSI dose: Psilocybin dose received; saline, 0.3 mg/kg, 1 mg/kg, or 3 mg/kg.
- genotype: Mouse genotype; WT, FKO, CR, fl/fl, or CKO.
- sex: male (M) or female (F).
- DOB: Date of birth (M/D/YYYY).
- imaging d0: Date of the first (baseline, day 0) imaging session (M/D/YYYY).
Folder: Fig1
-
Description: Data underlying Figure 1. One CSV per figure panel.
-
Fig1A.csv: HTR counts after saline or psilocybin injection in WT mice (Fig. 1a). Please see mouse_behavior_list.csv for the corresponding mouse information.
Column descriptions
- ID: Unique mouse identifier.
- genotype: Mouse genotype; WT for all mice in this file.
- dose: Treatment received; saline, 0.3 mg/kg, 1 mg/kg, or 3 mg/kg psilocybin.
- sex: male (M) or female (F).
- HTR: Number of head twitches during the 20 min after injection.
Fig1C.csv: 2d spine dynamics (d0 to d2; injection on d1) in WT mice receiving saline or psilocybin.
Column descriptions
- ID: Unique mouse identifier.
- dose: Treatment received; saline, 0.3 mg/kg, 1 mg/kg, or 3 mg/kg psilocybin.
- spine d0: Total number of spines counted at the d0 imaging session.
- formation: Number of new spines formed between d0 and d2.
- form %: formation / spine d0 x 100.
- elimination: Number of spines present on d0 that were absent on d2.
- elim %: elimination / spine d0 x 100.
Fig1E.csv: 2d spine dynamics at different times before and after 1 mg/kg psilocybin treatment in WT mice.
Column descriptions
- ID: Unique mouse identifier.
- interval: Imaging interval; d-2-0 (day -2 to day 0, pre-treatment baseline), d0-2 (day 0 to day 2, spanning psilocybin injection on day 1), d7-9 (day 7 to day 9), or d21-23 (day 21 to day 23).
- spine d0: Total number of spines counted at the first imaging session of the interval.
- formation: Number of new spines formed over the interval.
- form %: formation / spine d0 x 100.
- elimination: Number of spines eliminated over the interval.
- elim %: elimination / spine d0 x 100.
-
Fig1F.csv: 7d spine dynamics (d0 to d7) in control versus 1 mg/kg psilocybin-treated WT mice.
Column descriptions
- ID: Unique mouse identifier.
- dose: Treatment received; saline or 1 mg/kg psilocybin.
- spine d0: Total number of spines counted at the d0 imaging session.
- formation: Number of new spines formed between d0 and d7.
- form %: formation / spine d0 x 100.
- elimination: Number of spines present on d0 that were absent on d7.
- elim %: elimination / spine d0 x 100.
-
Fig1G.csv: 21d spine dynamics (d0 to d21) in control versus 1 mg/kg psilocybin-treated WT mice.
Column descriptions
- ID: Unique mouse identifier.
- dose: Treatment received; saline or 1 mg/kg psilocybin.
- spine d0: Total number of spines counted at the d0 imaging session.
- formation: Number of new spines formed between d0 and d21.
- form %: formation / spine d0 x 100.
- elimination: Number of spines present on d0 that were absent on d21.
- elim %: elimination / spine d0 x 100.
-
Fig1H.csv: Spine density changes in 1 mg/kg psilocybin-treated WT mice measured over 2d (d0-d2), 7d (d0-d7), or 21d (d0-d21) intervals.
Column descriptions
- ID: Unique mouse identifier.
- interval: Measurement interval starting at d0; 2d (d0-d2), 7d (d0-d7), or 21d (d0-d21).
- formation %: Number of new spines formed over theinterval/spinee count at d0 x 100.
- elimination %: Number of spines eliminated over theinterval/spinee count at d0 x 100.
- density change %: formation % - elimination %.
-
Fig1K.csv: 7d survival of newly formed versus pre-existing spines in control versus 1 mg/kg psilocybin-treated WT mice. New spines are those present on d2 but not d0; pre-existing spines are those present on both d0 and d2.
Column descriptions
- ID: Unique mouse identifier.
- dose: Treatment received; saline or 1 mg/kg psilocybin.
- total new spines: Number of new spines formed between d0 and d2.
- new d7 stable: Number of those new spines still present on d7.
- new spine survival %: new d7 stable / total new spines x 100.
- preexisting spines: Number of spines present on both d0 and d2.
- preexisting d7 stable: Number of pre-existing spines still present on d7.
- preexisting spine survival %: preexisting d7 stable / preexisting spines x 100.
-
Fig1L.csv: Morphological categories (stubby, mushroom, thin) of new spines formed between d0 and d2 in control versus 1 mg/kg psilocybin-treated WT mice.
Column descriptions
- ID: Unique mouse identifier.
- dose: Treatment received; saline or 1 mg/kg psilocybin.
- total new spines: Number of new spines formed between d0 and d2.
- stubby: Number of new spines classified as stubby.
- % stubby:stubby/totall new spines x 100.
- mushroom: Number of new spines classified as mushroom.
- % mushroom: mushroom / total new spines x 100.
- thin: Number of new spines classified as thin.
- % thin:thin/totall new spines x 100.
-
Fig1M.csv: 7d fate of new spines by morphological category in control versus 1 mg/kg psilocybin-treated WT mice. Morphology was assigned at d2 (formation).
Column descriptions
- ID: Unique mouse identifier.
- dose: Treatment received; saline or 1 mg/kg psilocybin.
- total new spines: Number of new spines formed between d0 and d2.
- total new spines lost: Number of those new spines eliminated by d7.
- spines survived: Number of those new spines still present on d7.
- elim stubby: Number of eliminated new spines whose d2 morphology was stubby.
- % stubby survival: Computed as (stubby - elim stubby) / stubby x 100, where stubby is the number of new stubby spines.
- elim mushroom: Number of eliminated new spines whose d2 morphology was mushroom.
- % mushroom survival: Computed as (mushroom - elim mushroom) / mushroom x 100, where mushroom is the number of new mushroom spines.
- elim thin: Number of eliminated new spines whose d2 morphology was thin.
- % thin survival: Computed as (thin - elim thin) / thin x 100, where thin is the number of new thin spines.
-
Fig1O.csv: 2d spine formation in post-UMS versus unstressed WT mice receiving saline or 1 mg/kg psilocybin.
Column descriptions
- ID: Unique mouse identifier.
- dose: Treatment received; saline or 1 mg/kg psilocybin.
- treatment: Stress condition; unstressed or post-UMS (injected 1d after cessation of 21d UMS).
- spine d0: Total number of spines counted at the imaging session immediately preceding injection.
- formation: Number of new spines formed over the 2 d interval spanning the injection.
- form %: formation / spine d0 x 100.
-
Fig1P.csv: 2d spine elimination in post-UMS versus unstressed WT mice receiving saline or 1 mg/kg psilocybin.
Column descriptions
- ID: Unique mouse identifier.
- dose: Treatment received; saline or 1 mg/kg psilocybin.
- treatment: Stress condition; unstressed or post-UMS (injected 1d after cessation of 21d UMS).
- spine d0: Total number of spines counted at the imaging session immediately preceding injection.
- elimination: Number of spines eliminated over the 2 d interval spanning the injection.
- elim %: elimination / spine d0 x 100.
-
Fig1Q.csv: 2d spine density changes in post-UMS versus unstressed WT mice receiving saline or 1 mg/kg psilocybin.
Column descriptions
- ID: Unique mouse identifier.
- dose: Treatment received; saline or 1 mg/kg psilocybin.
- treatment: Stress condition; unstressed or post-UMS (injected 1d after cessation of 21d UMS).
- spine d0: Total number of spines counted at the imaging session immediately preceding injection.
- formation: Number of new spines formed over the 2d interval spanning the injection.
- form %: formation / spine d0 x 100.
- elimination: Number of spines eliminated over the 2d interval spanning the injection.
- elim %: elimination / spine d0 x 100.
- density change %: form % - elim %.
-
Fig1R.csv: Regrowth of spines lost during UMS in post-UMS mice receiving saline or 1 mg/kg psilocybin.
Column descriptions
- ID: Unique mouse identifier.
- dose: Treatment received; saline or 1 mg/kg psilocybin.
- treatment: Stress condition; post-UMS for all mice in this file.
- total lost spines: Number of spines eliminated during the 21d UMS period.
- regrow spines: Number of those lost spines that reappeared at the same site within 2d after injection.
- relocalize %: regrow spines / total lost spines x 100.
-
Fig1S.csv: Fraction of post-treatment new spines that emerged at sites of prior spine elimination in post-UMS mice receiving saline or 1 mg/kg psilocybin.
Column descriptions
- ID: Unique mouse identifier.
- dose: Treatment received; saline or 1 mg/kg psilocybin.
- treatment: Stress condition; post-UMS for all mice in this file.
- total new spines: Number of new spines formed within 2d after injection.
- regrow spines: Number of those new spines that emerged at sites where a spine had been eliminated during UMS.
- relocalize %: regrow spines / total new spines x 100.
Folder: Fig2
-
Description: Data underlying Figure 2.
Fig2B.csv: HTR counts after 1 mg/kg psilocybin in FKO and CR mice.
Column descriptions
- ID: Unique mouse identifier.
- genotype: Mouse genotype; FKO or CR.
- dose: Treatment received; 1 mg/kg psilocybin for all mice in this file.
- sex: male (M) or female (F).
- HTR: Number of head twitches during the 20 min after injection.
-
Fig2C.csv: Baseline spine density on apical tuft dendrites of L5 PyrNs in WT, FKO, and CR mice.
Column descriptions
- ID: Unique mouse identifier.
- genotype: Mouse genotype; WT, FKO, or CR.
- density d0 (spines per 10 microns): Spine density at the d0 imaging session, in spines per 10 micrometers of dendrite.
-
Fig2E.csv: 2d spine dynamics at baseline and with 1 mg/kg psilocybin treatment in WT, FKO, and CR mice. Baseline columns cover the pre-treatment interval (day -2 to day 0); Psi columns cover the interval spanning the injection (day 0 to day 2, injection on day 1).
Column descriptions
- ID: Unique mouse identifier.
- genotype: Mouse genotype; WT, FKO, or CR.
- baseline spine d0: Total number of spines counted at the start of the baseline interval.
- baseline formation: Number of new spines formed over the baseline interval.
- baseline form %: baseline formation / baseline spine d0 x 100.
- baseline elimination: Number of spines eliminated over the baseline interval.
- baseline elim %: baseline elimination / baseline spine d0 x 100.
- baseline density change %: baseline form % - baseline elim %.
- Psi spine d0: Total number of spines counted at the start of the treatment interval.
- Psi formation: Number of new spines formed over the treatment interval.
- Psi form %: Psi formation / Psi spine d0 x 100.
- Psi elimination: Number of spines eliminated over the treatment interval.
- Psi elim %: Psi elimination / Psi spine d0 x 100.
- Psi density change %: Psi form % - Psi elim %.
-
Fig2F.csv: 7d spine dynamics (d0 to d7) with 1 mg/kg psilocybin treatment in FKO versus CR mice.
Column descriptions
- ID: Unique mouse identifier.
- genotype: Mouse genotype; FKO or CR.
- spine d0: Total number of spines counted at the d0 imaging session.
- formation: Number of new spines formed between d0 and d7.
- form %: formation / spine d0 x 100.
- elimination: Number of spines present on d0 that were absent on d7.
- elim %: elimination / spine d0 x 100.
- density change %: form % - elim %.
-
Fig2G.csv: 7d survival of newly formed versus pre-existing spines with 1 mg/kg psilocybin treatment in FKO versus CR mice. New spines are those present on d2 but not d0; pre-existing spines are those present on both d0 and d2.
Column descriptions
- ID: Unique mouse identifier.
- genotype: Mouse genotype; FKO or CR.
- total new spines: Number of new spines formed between d0 and d2.
- new d7 stable: Number of those new spines still present on d7.
- new spine survival %: new d7 stable / total new spines x 100.
- preexisting spines: Number of spines present on both d0 and d2.
- preexisting d7 stable: Number of pre-existing spines still present on d7.
- preexisting spine survival %: preexisting d7 stable / preexisting spines x 100.
Folder: Fig3
-
Description: Data underlying Figure 3.
-
Fig3A.csv: HTR counts after 1 mg/kg psilocybin in fl/fl and CKO mice.
Column descriptions
- ID: Unique mouse identifier.
- genotype: Mouse genotype; fl/fl or CKO.
- dose: Treatment received; 1 mg/kg psilocybin for all mice in this file.
- sex: male (M) or female (F).
- HTR: Number of head twitches during the 20 min after injection.
-
Fig3B.csv: Baseline spine density on apical tuft dendrites of L5 PyrNs in fl/fl and CKO mice.
Column descriptions
- ID: Unique mouse identifier.
- genotype: Mouse genotype; fl/fl or CKO.
- density d0 (spines per 10 microns): Spine density at the d0 imaging session, in spines per 10 micrometers of dendrite.
Fig3D.csv: 2d spine dynamics at baseline and with 1 mg/kg psilocybin treatment in fl/fl and CKO mice. Baseline columns cover the pre-treatment interval (day -2 to day 0); Psi columns cover the interval spanning the injection (day 0 to day 2, injection on day 1).
Column descriptions
- ID: Unique mouse identifier.
- genotype: Mouse genotype; fl/fl or CKO.
- baseline spine d0: Total number of spines counted at the start of the baseline interval.
- baseline formation: Number of new spines formed over the baseline interval.
- baseline form %: baseline formation / baseline spine d0 x 100.
- baseline elimination: Number of spines eliminated over the baseline interval.
- baseline elim %: baseline elimination / baseline spine d0 x 100.
- baseline density change %: baseline form % - baseline elim %.
- Psi spine d0: Total number of spines counted at the start of the treatment interval.
- Psi formation: Number of new spines formed over the treatment interval.
- Psi form %: Psi formation / Psi spine d0 x 100.
- Psi elimination: Number of spines eliminated over the treatment interval.
- Psi elim %: Psi elimination / Psi spine d0 x 100.
- Psi density change %: Psi form % - Psi elim %.
-
Fig3E.csv: 7d spine dynamics (d0 to d7) with 1 mg/kg psilocybin treatment in fl/fl versus CKO mice.
Column descriptions
- ID: Unique mouse identifier.
- genotype: Mouse genotype; fl/fl or CKO.
- spine d0: Total number of spines counted at the d0 imaging session.
- formation: Number of new spines formed between d0 and d7.
- form %: formation / spine d0 x 100.
- elimination: Number of spines present on d0 that were absent on d7.
- elim %: elimination / spine d0 x 100.
- density change %: form % - elim %.
-
Fig3F.csv: 7d survival of newly formed versus pre-existing spines with 1 mg/kg psilocybin treatment in fl/fl versus CKO mice.
Column descriptions
- ID: Unique mouse identifier.
- genotype: Mouse genotype; fl/fl or CKO.
- total new spines: Number of new spines formed between d0 and d2.
- new d7 stable: Number of those new spines still present on d7.
- new spine survival %: new d7 stable / total new spines x 100.
- preexisting spines: Number of spines present on both d0 and d2.
- preexisting d7 stable: Number of pre-existing spines still present on d7.
- preexisting spine survival %: preexisting d7 stable / preexisting spines x 100.
Folder: Extended_Data
Description: Data underlying the Extended Data figures.
Extended_Data_Fig1A.csv: HTR counts by sex after different psilocybin doses in WT mice.
Column descriptions
-
ID: Unique mouse identifier.
-
genotype: Mouse genotype; WT for all mice in this file.
-
dose: Treatment received; 0.3 mg/kg, 1 mg/kg, or 3 mg/kg psilocybin.
-
DOB: Date of birth (M/D/YYYY).
-
Exp Date: Date of the HTR recording (M/D/YYYY).
-
sex: male (M) or female (F).
-
HTR: Number of head twitches during the 20 min after injection.
-
Extended_Data_Fig1B.csv: Time course of HTRs after 1 mg/kg psilocybin, counted in 5-min bins.
Column descriptions
- ID: Unique mouse identifier.
- genotype: Mouse genotype; WT for all mice in this file.
- dose: Treatment received; 1 mg/kg psilocybin for all mice in this file.
- DOB: Date of birth (M/D/YYYY).
- Exp Date: Date of the HTR recording (M/D/YYYY).
- sex: male (M) or female (F).
- 0-5 min: Number of head twitches 0-5 min after injection.
- 5-10 min: Number of head twitches 5-10 min after injection.
- 10-15 min: Number of head twitches 10-15 min after injection.
- 15-20 min: Number of head twitches 15-20 min after injection.
Extended_Data_Fig2B.csv: 2d spine density changes in WT mice receiving saline or psilocybin.
Column descriptions
- ID: Unique mouse identifier.
- dose: Treatment received; saline, 0.3 mg/kg, 1 mg/kg, or 3 mg/kg psilocybin.
- density change %: form % - elim %.
-
Extended_Data_Fig2C.csv: 2d spine dynamics at baseline and after 1 mg/kg psilocybin in WT mice. Baseline columns cover the pre-treatment interval (day -2 to day 0); Psi columns cover the interval spanning the injection (day 0 to day 2, injection on day 1).
Column descriptions
- ID: Unique mouse identifier.
- baseline spine d0: Total number of spines counted at the start of the baseline interval.
- baseline formation: Number of new spines formed over the baseline interval.
- baseline form %: baseline formation / baseline spine d0 x 100.
- baseline elimination: Number of spines eliminated over the baseline interval.
- baseline elim %: baseline elimination / baseline spine d0 x 100.
- baseline density change %: baseline form % - baseline elim %.
- Psi spine d0: Total number of spines counted at the start of the treatment interval.
- Psi formation: Number of new spines formed over the treatment interval.
- Psi form %: Psi formation / Psi spine d0 x 100.
- Psi elimination: Number of spines eliminated over the treatment interval.
- Psi elim %: Psi elimination / Psi spine d0 x 100.
- Psi density change %: Psi form % - Psi elim %.
-
Extended_Data_Fig4B.csv: 21d survival of newly formed versus pre-existing spines in control versus 1 mg/kg psilocybin-treated WT mice. New spines are those present on d2 but not d0; pre-existing spines are those present on both d0 and d2.
Column descriptions
- ID: Unique mouse identifier.
- dose: Treatment received; saline or 1 mg/kg psilocybin.
- total new spines: Number of new spines formed between d0 and d2.
- new d21 stable: Number of those new spines still present on d21.
- new spine survival %: new d21 stable/total new spines x 100.
- preexisting spines: Number of spines present on both d0 and d2.
- preexisting d21 stable: Number of pre-existing spines still present on d21.
- preexisting spine survival %: preexisting d21 stable/preexisting spines x 100.
Extended_Data_Fig5.csv: Morphological categories of new spines formed within 2d after saline or 1 mg/kg psilocybin injection in post-UMS mice
Column descriptions
- ID: Unique mouse identifier.
- dose: Treatment received; saline or 1 mg/kg psilocybin.
- total new spines: Number of new spines formed over the 2d interval spanning the injection.
- stubby: Number of new spines classified as stubby.
- % stubby:stubby/totall new spines x 100.
- mushroom: Number of new spines classified as mushroom.
- % mushroom: mushroom/total new spines x 100.
- thin: Number of new spines classified as thin.
- % thin:thin/total new spines x 100.
-
Extended_Data_Fig6A.csv: 2d spine formation and elimination at baseline and with 1 mg/kg psilocybin treatment in WT, FKO, and CR mice.
Column descriptions
- ID: Unique mouse identifier.
- baseline spine d0: Total number of spines counted at the start of the baseline interval.
- baseline formation: Number of new spines formed over the baseline interval.
- baseline form %: baseline formation / baseline spine d0 x 100.
- baseline elimination: Number of spines eliminated over the baseline interval.
- baseline elim %: baseline elimination / baseline spine d0 x 100.
- Psi spine d0: Total number of spines counted at the start of the treatment interval.
- Psi formation: Number of new spines formed over the treatment interval.
- Psi form %: Psi formation / Psi spine d0 x 100.
- Psi elimination: Number of spines eliminated over the treatment interval.
- Psi elim %: Psi elimination / Psi spine d0 x 100.
-
Extended_Data_Fig6B.csv: 7d survival of new spines in WT (baseline and psilocybin-treated), FKO, and CR mice.
Column descriptions
- ID: Unique mouse identifier.
- genotype: Mouse genotype; WT, FKO, or CR.
- total new spines: Number of new spines formed between d0 and d2.
- d7 new spine survival: Number of those new spines still present on d7.
- new spine survival %: d7 new spine survival / total new spines x 100.
-
Extended_Data_Fig6C.csv: 7d survival of pre-existing spines in WT (baseline and psilocybin-treated), FKO, and CR mice.
Column descriptions
- ID: Unique mouse identifier.
- genotype: Mouse genotype; WT, FKO, or CR.
- total old spines: Number of pre-existing spines (present on both d0 and d2).
- d7 old spine survival: Number of pre-existing spines still present on d7.
- preexisting spine survival %: d7 old spine survival / total old spines x 100.
Folder: Extended_Data/Extended_Data_Fig3_code_and_data
Description: Dendrite-level spine formation data and the MATLAB code for the permutation test of the uniformity of spine formation across dendritic segments.
-
Extended_Data_Fig3.csv: Dendrite-level 2d spine formation in WT mice with and without 1 mg/kg psilocybin treatment. Each row corresponds to one dendritic segment; only segments longer than 10 micrometers are included, and the permutation-test code further restricts the analysis to segments with at least 4 spines at d0.
Column descriptions
- ID: Identifier of the mouse the dendritic segment belongs to.
- treatment: Imaging interval condition; baseline (untreated 2 d interval) or 1 mg/kg PSI (2 d interval spanning a 1 mg/kg psilocybin injection).
- sex: Biological sex of the mouse; male (M) or female (F).
- d0: Number of spines on the dendritic segment at the start of the interval.
- form: Number of new spines formed on the dendritic segment over the interval.
-
mainfcn.m: Main MATLAB script. Loads the dendrite data, runs the permutation test for each dataset, and plots the results.
-
simulate.m: Function performing the permutation test (10,000 trials). New spines are randomly assigned to dendrites with probability proportional to each dendrite's initial spine count, and the Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence of each simulated distribution from the null distribution is compared with the empirical KL divergence to obtain a one-tailed p-value.
-
KL_Divergence_test.m: Function computing the KL divergence between the observed distribution of new spines across dendrites and the null distribution proportional to initial spine counts.
-
plot_sim_stats.m: Function plotting the distribution of simulated KL divergences with the empirical value marked as a vertical line.
-
README.txt: Instructions for running the code, input data format, expected outputs, and system requirements.
-
MIT LICENSE.txt: MIT license covering the MATLAB code in this folder.
Code/software
The MATLAB code in Extended_Data/Extended_Data_Fig3_code_and_data reproduces the permutation test in Extended Data Fig. 3. It was tested on MATLAB R2025b (Windows 11) and requires the MATLAB Statistics and Machine Learning Toolbox. Please see the README.txt in that folder for usage instructions. The code is released under the MIT license and is also available at https://github.com/ZuoLabUCSC/branch-specific-spine-formation.
All CSV files can be opened with any spreadsheet software or text editor; no proprietary software is required to access the data. Statistical analyses in the manuscript were performed in GraphPad Prism 10.
Access information
Other publicly accessible locations of the data:
- NA
Data was derived from the following sources:
- NA
Changes after Sep 22, 2026: Minor correction to Fig1m calculations. No changes in the conclusions.