Data from: Psilocin fosters neuroplasticity in iPSC-derived human cortical neurons
Data files
Apr 02, 2026 version files 402.04 KB
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Figure_2.zip
205.34 KB
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Figure_4.zip
19.02 KB
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Figure_5.zip
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README.md
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Abstract
This dataset comprises a collection of structured Excel files containing quantitative measurements used to generate the graphs of the associated study on psilocin-induced neuronal plasticity. The data originate from experiments performed on human cortical neurons differentiated from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived from independent donors (cell lines).
Each dataset is organized in tabular format and includes standardized variables describing experimental conditions and outcomes. Core variables include State (health status), State_Nr (cell line identifier), State_State_Nr_combined (combined identifier), Batch (independent differentiation rounds), Treatment (encoded experimental conditions), and one or more dependent variables representing measured outcomes. These outcomes include morphological and functional readouts such as BDNF particle density per neurite length, protein levels (e.g., Akt, pAkt), neurite complexity metrics, synaptic protein distribution, and electrophysiological properties (e.g., action potentials, synaptic currents).
Treatment conditions are numerically encoded and correspond to defined experimental paradigms, including psilocin exposure, pharmacological co-treatments (e.g., ketanserin, dynasore and chelerythrine), and control conditions, as described in accompanying README file. The dataset captures measurements across multiple time points and experimental replicates, including biological replicates (distinct donors) and technical replicates.
The data enable reproducibility of published figures and support statistical re-evaluation. Due to the use of human-derived cell lines, the dataset is de-identified, does not contain personal or sensitive information, and does not allow any conclusions to be drawn about individual donors.
Dataset DOI: 10.5061/dryad.xsj3tx9w3
Description of the data and file structure
General Information
The provided data consist of Excel files containing all relevant information required for statistical analyses and for generating the graphs presented in the manuscript. The data enable transparency of published graphs and support statistical re-evaluation. If the data are referenced, we kindly request citation: Schmidt et al. (2026) Psilocin fosters neuroplasticity in iPSC-derived human cortical neurons. eLife 14:RP104006.
For precise details on how the experiment was conducted, please consult the “Materials and Methods” section of the paper.
Each Excel file includes the following variables:
- State
- State_Nr
- State_State_Nr_combined
- Batch
- Treatment
- Dependent variable (measured outcome)
Definitions of variables
State
Column name: State
State = 1 means a healthy subject included in the analysis
State Number
Column name: State_Nr
Defines the cell line number. Each cell line is assigned a unique number
Definition of a cell line:
A cell line represents an individual, biologically independent donor. Fibroblasts obtained from these donors were reprogrammed into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), which were then differentiated into cortical neurons.
Combined State and State Number
Column name: State_State_Nr_combined
Combines State and State_Nr into a single identifier
Example:
11 = Healthy control, cell line 1
Cell line coding:
- 11 = Control 1 (Ctrl 1)
- 13 = Control 2 (Ctrl 2)
- 14 = Control 3 (Ctrl 3)
- 16 = Control 4 (Ctrl 4)
Treatment
Column name: Treatment
Treatment conditions are encoded numerically
The meaning of each treatment code is provided in the corresponding README files for each figure showing graphs
Batch
Column name: Batch
Represents independent differentiations starting from different iPSC passages
Column name: Technical replicate
Refers to differentiations originating from the same iPSC passage that were plated or measured multiple times
Dependent variable
Each dataset includes the measured dependent variable (outcome). The specific variable is indicated within each dataset
File: Figure_2.zip
Description: Data of Figure 2 and Figure 2—figure supplement of the paper.
ReadMe_Figure_2
Figure 2C
Description: Data used for the generation of the graph shown in Figure 2C.
Legend: BDNF density was significantly increased 24 hrs after a 10 min 10 µM psilocin trigger (Psi). Four Ctrl cell lines were included in the analysis (Ctrl with N = 613 neurites; Psi with N = 529 neurites).
Cell Lines Included:
- 11 (Ctrl 1)
- 13 (Ctrl 2)
- 14 (Ctrl 3)
- 16 (Ctrl 4)
Treatments:
1 → Control
3 → 1 day post treatment, 10 min, 10 µM Psilocin
Dependent variable:
BDNF particle per length neurite
Figure 2E
Description: Data used for the generation of the graph shown in Figure 2E.
Legend: Ketanserin co-treatment (Psi + Ket) and ketanserin monotreatment (Ket) significantly reduced BDNF density compared to the 24 hrs monotreatment psilocin condition, suggesting a 5-HT2A-R-mediated process. Ketanserin monotreatment provoked a significant reduction in BDNF density compared to ketanserin co-treatment with psilocin. Two Ctrl cell lines were included in the analysis, each with one biological batch (Ctrl with N = 99 neurites; Psi with N = 102 neurites; Psi + Ket with N = 102 neurites; Ket with N = 102 neurites).
Cell Lines Included:
- 13 (Ctrl 2)
- 14 (Ctrl 3)
Treatments:
1 → Control
3 → 1 day post, 10 min, 10 µM Psilocin
12 → 1 day post; 10 min 75 µM Ketamine, then 10 min 75 µM Ketamine + 10 min 10 µM Psilocin
13 → 1 day post, 20 min 75 µM Ketamine
Dependent variable:
BDNF particle per length neurite
Figure 2G
Description: Data used for the generation of the graph shown in Figure 2G.
Legend: Chelerythrine (Psi + Chel, selective PKC inhibitor) or dynasore (Psi + D, inhibition of clathrin-coated vesicle invagination) co-treatment significantly reduced BDNF density compared to the psilocin monotreatment condition (Psi). Two Ctrl cell lines were included in the analysis, each with one biological batch (Ctrl with N = 90 neurites; Psi with N = 90 neurites; Psi + Chel with N = 90; Psi + D with N = 90 neurites).
Cell Lines Included:
- 11 (Ctrl 1)
- 13 (Ctrl 2)
Treatments:
1 → Control
3 → 1 day post, 10 min, 10 µM Psilocin
6 → 1 day post, 10 min 10 µM Psilocin + 1 µM Chelerythrine
7 → 1 day post, 50 min 50 µM Dynasore, followed by 10 min 50 µM Dynasore + 10 µM Psilocin
Dependent variable:
BDNF particle per length neurite
Figure 2I
Description: Data used for the generation of the graph shown in Figure 2I.
Legend: Phosphorylated AKT (pAKT) protein level was increased 72 hrs after psilocin exposure (Psi), reversed by ketanserin co-treatment (Psi + Ket), both effects were not significant. Ctrl cell line 3 was included in the analysis (Ctrl with N = 4 data points, Psi with N = 4 data points, Psi + Ket with N = 4 data points), each with two biological batches.
Cell Line Included:
- 14 (Ctrl 3)
Replicates:
Batches and technical replicates
Treatments:
1 → Control
2 → 1 day post, 10 min, 10 µM Psilocin
3 → 1 day post; 10 min 75 µM Ketamine, then 10 min 75 µM Ketamine + 10 min 10 µM Psilocin
Dependent variables:
- Akt = Akt protein level
- pAKT = pAkt protein level
- pAKT_AKT = pAkt to Akt ratio (pAkt protein level/Akt protein level)
Figure 2—figure supplement 1B
Description: Data used for the generation of the graph shown in Figure 2—figure supplement 1B.
Legend: BDNF density was exclusively significantly increased 24 hrs after 10 min 10 μM Psilocin trigger (10 μM). Ctrl cell line 1 was included in the analysis, with one biological batch (Ctrl with N = 76 neurites; 24 hrs after a 10 min 10 nM (N = 75 neurites), respectively 100 nM (N = 75 neurites), respectively 1 μM (N = 75 neurites), respectively 10 μM (N = 75 neurites).
Cell Line Included:
- 11 (Ctrl 1)
Treatments:
3 → 1 day post, 10 min, 10 µM Psilocin
17 → 1 day post, 10 min, DMSO
18 → 1 day post, 10 min, 10 nM Psilocin
19 → 1 day post, 10 min, 100 nM Psilocin
20 → 1 day post, 10 min, 1 µM Psilocin
Dependent variable:
BDNF particle per length neurite
Figure 2—figure supplement 1D
Description: Data used for the generation of the graph shown in Figure 2—figure supplement 1D.
Legend: BDNF density was significantly increased 24 hrs after a 10 min 10 μM psilocin trigger (10 min 10 μM) and 24 hrs after a 6 hrs 100 nM psilocin stimulation (6 hrs 100 nM). BDNF density was also significantly increased for the” artificial” compared to the “physiological“ stimulation. Two Ctrl cell lines were included in the analysis, each with one biological batch (Ctrl with N = 99 neurites; 10 min 10 μM with N = 102 neurites; 6 hrs 100 nM with N = 102 neurites).
Cell Lines Included:
- 13 (Ctrl 2)
- 14 (Ctrl 3)
Treatments:
1 → Control
3 → 1 day post, 10 min, 10 µM Psilocin
14 → 1 day post, 6 hours, 100 nM Psilocin
Dependent variable:
BDNF particle per length neurite
Figure 2—figure supplement 1F
Description: Data used for the generation of the graph shown in Figure 2—figure supplement 1F.
Legend: BDNF density was significantly increased for axonal TAU+ and dendritic MAP2+
BDNF density for the psilocin condition. One cell line (Ctrl 3) was included in the analysis, with two biological batches (Ctrl with N = 90 neurites; Psi with N = 90 neurites).
Cell Line Included:
- 14 (Ctrl 3)
Treatments:
1 → Control
2 → 1 day post, 10 min, 10 µM Psilocin
Variables important for calculation:
- Length_MAP: length MAP positive neurite
- Length_Tau: length Tau positive neurite
- MAP_BDNF: amount of BDNF particles measured
- Tau_BDNF: amount of BDNF particles measured
Dependent variables:
- MAP2_BDNF_particle_per_length: amount of BDNF particles measured on the respective MAP positive neurite
- TAU_BDNF_particle_per_length: amount of BDNF particles measured on the respective Tau positive neurite
Figure 2—figure supplement 1G
Description: Data used for the generation of the graph shown in Figure 2—figure supplement 1G.
Legend: BDNF density was significantly increased 24 and still 48 hrs (24 hrs; 48 hrs) after a 10 min 10 μM psilocin trigger. Three Ctrl cell lines were included in the analysis (Ctrl with N = 520 neurites; 24 hrs with N = 478 neurites; 48 hrs with N = 170 neurites).
Cell Lines Included:
- 11 (Ctrl 1)
- 13 (Ctrl 2)
- 16 (Ctrl 4)
Treatments:
1 → Control
3 → 1 day post, 10 min, 10 µM Psilocin
4 → 2 days post, 10 min, 10 µM Psilocin
Dependent variable:
BDNF particle per length neurite
File: Figure_4.zip
Description: Data of Figure 4 of the paper.
ReadMe_Figure_4
Description: Data used for the generation of the graph shown in Figure 4B-D.
Legend: (B) Singular analysis: 48 hrs after a 10 min 10 µM psilocin trigger, the number of primary (25 µm distance from soma) neurite intersections significantly increased compared to the untreated control condition (Ctrl). The number of intersections at 50 µm distance from soma significantly increased 24 hrs and 48 hrs after a 10 min 10 µM psilocin trigger. (C) Significant changes for the calculated total neurite length and for the total number of neurite intersections significantly increased 24 hrs and 48 hrs after a 10 min 10 µM psilocin trigger. Two Control cell lines with two biological batches (Ctrl with N = 43 - 48 neurites; 24 hrs with N = 47 - 48 neurites; 48 hrs with N = 31 - 35 neurites) were included. (D) Sholl analyses the summary for the results shown in figure (B). For all analyses, the Kruskal-Wallis test for independent samples was calculated.
Cell Lines Included:
- 13 (Ctrl 2)
- 14 (Ctrl 3)
Psilocin = Received Psilocin
0 = no
1 = yes
Treatments:
1 → Control
3 → 1 day post, 10 min, 10 µM Psilocin
4 → 2 days post, 10 min, 10 µM Psilocin
Definitions:
Radius 1-5: Specifies the number of intersections in relation to the distance to the soma
Dependent variables:
- Radius 1: Number of primary intersections (25 µm)
- Radius 2: Number of intersections at 50 µm
- Radius 3: Number of intersections at 100 µm
- Radius 4-5: data not shown in the paper figure.
Sum = sums up the amount radius 1-5 -> Total number of intersections
Calculated length of neurite: Total neurite length in µm
File: Figure_5.zip
Description: Data of Figure 5 and Figure 5—figure supplement of the paper.
ReadMe_Figure_5
Figure 5A
Description: Data used for the generation of the graph shown in Figure 5A.
Legend: Total number of evoked action potentials (eAPs) significantly increased at day 7 after 24 hrs permanent psilocin administration (Psi 24 hrs; day 7) and was increased 7 days after a 10-minute psilocin trigger (Psi 10min; day 7). AP amplitudes stayed constant. One Ctrl cell line with 2 biological batches was included in the analysis. Ctrl 3 with N = 28 cells, Psi 10min; day 7 with N = 29 cells, Psi 24 hrs; day 7 with N = 34 cells.
Cell Line Included:
- 14 (Ctrl 3)
Treatments:
1 → Control
2 → 7 days post Psilocin, 10 min
3 → 7 days post Psilocin, 24 hours
Dependent variables:
- total_Aps = Total number of Action potentials (eAPs)
- AP_amplitude = AP amplitude (mV)
Figure 5B
Description: Data used for the generation of the graph shown in Figure 5B.
Legend: Increase in sEPSCs amplitude and frequency 7 days after 10 minutes and 24 hrs permanent psilocin administration. One Ctrl cell line with 2 biological batches was included in the analysis, Ctrl 3 with N = 19 cells, Psi 10min; day 7 with N = 20 cells, Psi 24 hrs; day 7 with N = 21 cells.
Cell Line Included:
14 (Ctrl 3)
Treatments:
1 → Control
2 → 7 days post Psilocin, 10 min
3 → 7 days post Psilocin, 24 hours
Dependent variables:
- Amplitude = sEPSCs amplitude (pA)
- Frequency = sEPSCs Frequency (Hz)
Figure 5C – Panel 1
Description: Data used for the generation of the graph shown in Figure 5C – Panel 1.
Legend: Increase in mEPSCs amplitude 6 days after permanent 10 µM psilocin administration, Ctrl 3 with N = 16 cells, Psi 24 hrs; day 7 with N = 14 cells
Cell Line Included:
- 14 (Ctrl 3)
Treatments:
1 → Control
6 → 7 days post Psilocin, 24 hours
Dependent variables:
- Amplitude = mEPSCs amplitude (pA)
- Frequency = mEPSCs Frequency (Hz)
Figure 5C – Panel 2
Description: Data used for the generation of the graph shown in Figure 5C – Panel 2.
Legend: Increase in mEPSCs amplitude 10 days after 24hrs permanent psilocin administration, Ctrl 3 with N = 15 cells, Psi 24 hrs; day 11 with N = 20 cells.
Cell Line Included:
- 14 (Ctrl 3)
Treatments:
1 → Control
7 → Psilocin 24 hours, Day 11
Dependent variables:
- Amplitude = mEPSCs amplitude (pA)
- Frequency = mEPSCs Frequency (Hz)
Figure 5D
Description: Data used for the generation of the graph shown in Figure 5D.
Legend: Significant increase in sEPSCs amplitude 6 days after 96 hrs permanent 10 µM psilocin administration (Psi 96hrs; day 10). Ctrl 3 with N = 18 cells, Psi 96hrs; day 10 with N = 13 cells.
Cell Line Included:
- 14 (Ctrl 3)
Treatments:
1 → Control
5 → 10 days post Psilocin, 96 hours
Dependent variables:
- Amplitude = sEPSCs amplitude (pA)
- Frequency = sEPSCs Frequency (Hz)
Figure 5—figure supplement 1A
Description: Data used for the generation of the graph shown in Figure 5—figure supplement 1A.
Legend: Increase in mEPSCs amplitude at day 7 after 24 hrs permanent psilocin administration. Ctrl 2 with N = 16 cells, Psi 24 hrs; day 7 with N = 14 cells.
Cell Line Included:
- 13 (Ctrl 2)
Treatments:
1 → Control
6 → 7 days post Psilocin, 24 hours
Dependent variables:
- Amplitude = mEPSCs amplitude (pA)
- Frequency = mEPSCs Frequency (Hz)
Figure 5—figure supplement 1B
Description: Data used for the generation of the graph shown in Figure 5 - figure supplement 1B.
Legend: Significant increase in sEPSCs amplitude 6 days after 96 hrs permanent 10 μM psilocin administration (Psi 96hrs; day 10). Ctrl 2 with N = 8 cells, Psi 96hrs; day 10 with N = 9 cells.
Cell Line Included:
- 13 (Ctrl 2)
Treatments:
1 → Control
5 → 96 hours Psilocin, Day 10
Dependent variables:
- Amplitude = sEPSCs amplitude (pA)
- Frequency = sEPSCs Frequency (Hz)
Figure 5G–K
Description: Data used for the generation of the graph shown in Figure 5G-K.
Legend Trend in synapsin (G) density and (H) intensity increase 4 days after permanent psilocin administration. (I) PSD-95 particle per neurite length and (J) intensity per area and (K) synapsin/ PSD-95 co-localization were significantly increased 4 and 10 days after 4 days permanent 10 µM psilocin treatment compared to an untreated control condition. (G-K) Ctrl with N = 180 neurites, 4 days with N = 180 neurites, 10 days with N = 180 neurites. Two control cell lines each with two biological batches were included.
Cell Lines Included:
- 11 (Ctrl 1)
- 14 (Ctrl 3)
Treatments:
1 → Control
2 → 4 days post treatment
3 → 10 days post treatment
Variables used for calculation:
- Length = Measured length of the selected neurite
- Synapsin Area = Measured Area of the selected Region of interest (Roi) of Synapsin
- Synapsin Intensity = Measured Synapsin intensity of the selected ROI
- PSD Area = Measured Area of the selected (ROI) of PSD-95
- PSD Intensity = Measured PSD-95 intensity of the selected ROI
- Synapsin Particle = counted Synapsin particles
- PSD-95 Particle = counted PSD-95 particles
- Co_localized Particle = counted Synapsin/PSD-95 colocalized particles
- Synapsin_intensity_per_area = Synapsin intensity per area
- PSD_95_intensity_per_area = PSD-95 intensity per area
Dependent variables:
- Synapsin_particle_per_length = counted Synapsin particles per length neurite
- PSD_95_particle_per_length = counted PSD-95 particles per length neurite
- Colocalization = counted Synapsin/PSD-95 colocalized particles per length neurite