Data from: Polyelectrolyte-based wireless and drift-free iontronic sensors for orthodontic sensing
Data files
Feb 07, 2025 version files 12.72 MB
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FIG-2.xlsx
1.08 MB
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FIG-3.xlsx
11.08 MB
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FIG-4.xlsx
539.90 KB
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FIG-5.xlsx
17.28 KB
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README.md
4.19 KB
Abstract
The real-time monitoring of health conditions of humans is a long-lasting topic, but there are two major challenges. First, many biomedical applications accept only implanted sensors. Second, tissue-like soft sensors often suffer from viscoelasticity-induced signal drift, causing inaccurate measurements. Here, we report a wireless and drift-free sensory system enabled by a low-creep polyelectrolyte elastomer. The system consists of ionotropic pressure sensors incorporating LC oscillators, exhibiting a combined low drift ratio, high Q-factor, high robustness to interferences, and wide-range measurement, superior to other capacitive sensors using regular dielectrics or ionogels. We have recorded 14-day orthodontic loads of two subjects using the system, showing pressure decreasing from 300 to 50 kPa and torque from 12.5 to 0.5 N·mm. The wireless, drift-free sensory system may be extended to other implants for long-term and accurate sensing.
https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.z34tmpgqn
Description of the data and file structure
Every Excel concludes the data of 1 whole figure; FIG-number = the data in Figure-number of the main text; Figure - number - lowercase = the data in specific Figure; For instance, Figure 2b in FIG 2 Excel means the origin data of the Figure 2b. Each small graph has a unit, a physical quantity.
Files and variables
File: FIG-2.xlsx
Description: Fig. 2. Synthesis, mechanical properties, and electrical conductivity of the crosslinked P(VBIM-TFSI) polyelectrolyte.
Variables
Fig2 B Wide-angle X-ray scattering spectra of the noncrosslinked polyelectrolyte and the crosslinked polyelectrolyte.
Fig2 C Tensile stress-strain curves of the two polyelectrolytes.
Fig2 D Young’s modulus of the two polyelectrolytes.
Fig2 E Creep test of the crosslinked polyelectrolyte under a constant compressive stress of 300 kPa.
Fig2 F Electrical conductivity as a function of frequency for the crosslinked polyelectrolyte and noncrosslinked polyelectrolyte.
File: FIG-5.xlsx
| Description: **Fig. 5 | In vivo orthodontic pressure and torque measurement.** |
Variables
Fig5 E, F Orthodontic pressure measurement of the two incisors of subject A over 14 d during overbite treatment. Panel (E) shows the measured resonant frequencies of the two LC pressure sensors and panel (F) shows calculated orthodontic pressure over time.
Fig5 I, J Orthodontic torque measurement over 14 d for crossbite treatment. Panel (I) shows the measured resonant frequencies of the LC torque sensor and panel (J) shows the calculated orthodontic torque over time.
File: FIG-4.xlsx
Description: Fig. 4. Design and properties of the LC sensor array for pressure and torque sensing.
Variables
Fig4 B Measured S_11 parameter to frequency under different pressures of sensor #12.
Fig4 C Resonant frequency as a function of pressure of sensor #12.
Fig4 D Resonant frequencies of sensor #12 under loads of 100, 101, and 102 kPa.
Fig4 F Resonant frequency as a function of torque for sensor #13.
Fig4 G Resonant frequencies of sensor #13 under loads of 10.0, 10.1, and 10.2 Nmm.
Fig4 H, I Results showing that the torque sensor is crosstalk-free. A torque sensor consists of two parts: S1 and S2. When applying different loads on S1, no change in f_r is observed for S2, and vice versa.
File: FIG-3.xlsx
Description: Fig. 3. Sensing properties and drift behavior of the polyelectrolyte-based pressure sensor.
Variables
Fig3 A Capacitance as a function of pressure for the polyelectrolyte-based capacitor.
Fig3 B Dynamic tracking of resonant frequency and capacitance in response to pressure steps.
Fig3 C Drift rate and drift ratio of the capacitors based on polyelectrolyte and ionogel.
Fig3 D Capacitance and resonant frequency of the polyelectrolyte-based sensor under a static pressure of 300 kPa for 10 h.
Fig3 E Capacitance and f_r curves of the polyelectrolyte-based sensor under pressures of 70, 140, 280, and 560 kPa over 10 min for each pressure.
Fig3 F Capacitance and resonant frequency of the ionogel-based sensor under a static pressure of 300 kPa for 10 min.
Fig3 G Capacitance and f_r curves of the ionogel-based sensor under pressures of 70, 140, 280, and 560 kPa over 10 min for each pressure.
Code/software
File: FIG-4.xlsx
Description: Fig. 4. Design and properties of the LC sensor array for pressure and torque sensing.
Variables
Resonant frequency fr was measured by matlab code at: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14625362
File: FIG-3.xlsx
Description: Fig. 3. Sensing properties and drift behavior of the polyelectrolyte-based pressure sensor.
Variables
Resonant frequency fr was measured by matlab code at: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14625362