Dataset DOI: 10.5061/dryad.zs7h44jqn

Description of the data and file structure

Files and variables

This dataset contains the following files:

1. "CAVE_2021_O3_met.csv" contains hourly averaged ozone (O3) mixing ratios and meteorological parameters. Missing or invalid data are representated as "-999".

   Variable Name	Units	Description
   datetime_MST	MM/DD/YYYY HH:MM	Mountain Standard Time date time (24-hour)
   O3_ppbv	parts per billion by volume	1-h ozone mixing ratio
   O3_8h_ppbv	parts per billion by volume	8-h rolling average ozone mixing ratio
   SWS_m_s	meters per second	scalar wind speed
   VWS_m_s	meters per second	vector wind speed
   VWD_deg	degrees	vector wind direction
   SDWD_deg	degrees	standard deviation of wind direction
   temp_degC	degrees Celsius	air temperature
   rh_percent	percent	relative humidity
   rainfall_rate_mm_h	millimeters per hour	rainfall rate
   solar_w_m2	Watts per meter squared	solar radiation

2. "CAVE_2021_Picarro_CH4_C2H2.csv" contains hourly averaged methane (CH4), ethyne (C2H2), and water vapor (H2O) mixing ratios measured by a Picarro G2203 cavity ring-down spectrometer. Missing or invalid data are representated as "-999".

   Variable Name	Units	Description
   datetime_MDT	MM/DD/YYYY HH:MM	Mountain Daylight Time date time (24-hour)
   C2H2_ppbv	parts per billion by volume	ethyne mixing ratio
   CH4_ppmv	parts per million by volume	methane mixing ratio
   H2O_percent	percent	water vapor mixing ratio

3. 'CAVE_2021_NOxy_1h.csv" contains hourly averaged nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx) and total oxidized reactive nitrogen (NOy) mixing ratios measured by an Eco Physics CLD 780 TL chemiluminescence NO detector equipped with a UV (395 nm) photolytic converter for selective NO2 reduction and a molybdenum converter heated to 320°C for total NOy reduction. Missing or invalid data are representated as "-999". For information on instrument uncertainty, detection limits, and calibration methods, refer to: 

   Pollack, I. B., Pan, D., Marsavin, A., Cope, E. J., Juncosa Calahorrano, J., Naimie, L., Benedict, K. B., Sullivan, A. P., Zhou, Y., Sive, B. C., Prenni, A. J., Schichtel, B. A., Collett, J., and Fischer, E. V.: Observations of ozone, acyl peroxy nitrates, and their precursors during summer 2019 at Carlsbad Caverns National Park, New Mexico, Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 73, 951–968, https://doi.org/10.1080/10962247.2023.2271436, 2023.

   Variable Name	Units	Description
   datetime_MDT	MM/DD/YYYY HH:MM	Mountain Daylight Time date time (24-hour)
   NO_ppbv	parts per billion by volume	nitric oxide mixing ratio
   NO2_ppbv	parts per billion by volume	nitrogen dioxide mixing ratio
   NOx_ppbv	parts per billion by volume	nitrogen oxides mixing ratio
   NOy_ppbv	parts per billion by volume	total oxidized reactive nitrogen mixing ratio

4. "CAVE_2021_GC_VOCs.csv" Speciated volatile organic compound (VOC) mixing ratios measured by an on-line 5-channel 3-gas chromatograph system. Missing values are represented as "-999" and values below detection limit are represented as "-888". For information on instrument uncertainty, detection limits, and calibration methods, refer to: 

   Pan, D., Pollack, I. B., Sive, B. C., Marsavin, A., Naimie, L. E., Benedict, K. B., Zhou, Y., Sullivan, A. P., Prenni, A. J., Cope, E. J., Juncosa Calahorrano, J. F., Fischer, E. V., Schichtel, B. A., and Collett, J. L.: Source characterization of volatile organic compounds at Carlsbad Caverns National Park, Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 73, 914–929, https://doi.org/10.1080/10962247.2023.2266696, 2023.

   Variable Name	Units	Description
   Date	MM/DD/YYYY	date
   Time (MDT)	HH:MM:SS	gas chromatograph injection time (24-hour, Mountain Daylight Time)
   Start Date Time (MDT)	MM/DD/YYYY HH:MM	sample collection start time (24-hour, Mountain Daylight Time)
   Mid Date Time (MDT)	MM/DD/YYYY HH:MM	sample collection mid-time (24-hour, Mountain Daylight Time)
   End Date Time (MDT)	MM/DD/YYYY HH:MM	sample collection end time (24-hour, Mountain Daylight Time)
   ethane (ppbv)	parts per billion by volume	mixing ratio of 54 VOCs in 54 columns (parts per billion by volume)
   ...
   acetone (ppbv)
   CHCl3 (pptv)	parts per trillion by volume	mixing ratio of 12 VOCs in 12 columns (parts per trillion by volume)
   ...
   2-PenONO2 (pptv)

5. "CAVE_2021_AROMA_VOCs.csv" contains isoprene and BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes) mixing ratios measured by Autonomous Rugged Optical Multigas Analyzer for VOCs (AROMA-VOC). Values where no peak is detected are represented as "-888". Note: The AROMA-VOC BTEX data are neither calibrated nor validated; use of GC data for these compounds is recommended instead.

   Variable Name	Units	Description
   datetime_MDT	MM/DD/YYYY HH:MM	Mountain Daylight Time date time (24-hour)
   Isoprene_ppbv	parts per billion by volume	mixing ratio of 6 VOCs in 6 columns (parts per billion by volume)
   ...
   Styrene_ppbv

6. "CAVE_2021_sensorPM25_corrected.csv" contains hourly averaged fine particulate patter (PM2.5) measured using an Aerodyne Research ARISense v200 low-cost light scattering sensor.  The sensor PM2.5 sensor had a strong positive artifact during periods of high relative humidity (RH), so PM2.5 data periods with RH >80% (approximately 15% of the dataset) were excluded from the dataset and represented as "-999". The corrected sensor PM2.5 data are scaled down by 40% to match filter-based 24-h average PM2.5 measured at the Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments (IMPROVE) site at Carlsbad Caverns National Park.

   Variable Name	Units	Description
   datetime_MDT	MM/DD/YYYY HH:MM	Mountain Daylight Time date time (24-hour)
   PM25_corrected_ug_m3	micrograms per cubic meter	corrected fine particulate matter mass concentration