Standardizing protocols for determining the cause of mortality in wildlife studies
Data files
Jun 22, 2022 version files 99.92 KB
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Does.csv
2.18 KB
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Fawns.csv
7.84 KB
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Full_data.xlsx
77.97 KB
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README.txt
11.93 KB
Abstract
Mortality site investigations of telemetered wildlife are important for cause-specific survival analyses and understanding underlying causes of observed population dynamics. Yet eroding ecoliteracy and a lack of quality control in data collection can lead researchers to make incorrect conclusions, which may negatively impact management decisions for wildlife populations.
We reviewed a random sample of 50 peer-reviewed studies published between 2000 and 2019 on survival and cause-specific mortality of ungulates monitored with telemetry devices. This concise review revealed extensive variation in reporting of field procedures, with many studies omitting critical information for cause of mortality inference. Field protocols used to investigate mortality sites and ascertain the cause of mortality are often minimally described and frequently fail to address how investigators dealt with uncertainty.
We outline a step-by-step procedure for mortality site investigations of telemetered ungulates, including evidence that should be documented in the field. Specifically, we highlight data that can be useful to differentiate predation from scavenging and more conclusively identify the predator species that killed the ungulate. We also outline how uncertainty in identifying the cause of mortality could be acknowledged and reported.
We demonstrate the importance of rigorous protocols and prompt site investigations using data from our 5-year study on survival and cause-specific mortality of telemetered mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) in northern California. Over the course of our study, we visited mortality sites of neonates (n = 91) and adults (n = 23) to ascertain the cause of mortality. Rapid site visitations significantly improved the successful identification of the cause of mortality and confidence levels for neonates. We discuss the need for rigorous and standardized protocols that include measures of confidence for mortality site investigations. We invite reviewers and journal editors to encourage authors to provide supportive information associated with the identification of causes of mortality, including uncertainty.
Three datasets on neonate and adult mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) mortality site investigations were generated through ecological fieldwork in northern California, USA (2015-2020). The datasets in Dryad are:
Does.csv (for use with R); Fawns.csv (for use with R); Full_data.xlsx (which combines the 2 .csv files and includes additional information)
Two R code files associated with the 2 .csv datasets above are available in Zenodo:
RScript_Does.R; RScript_Fawns.R
The data were analyzed using RStudio v.1.1.447 and a variety of packages, including: broom, caret, ciTools, effects, lattice, modEvA, nnet, and tidyverse. The data are associated with the publication "Standardizing protocols for determining the cause of mortality in wildlife studies" in Ecology and Evolution.
The datasets can be opened using Microsoft Excel and R.