The electronic, vibrational and thermoelectric transport characteristics of AgInTe2 and AgGaTe2 with chalcopyrite structure have been investigated. The electronic structures are calculated using the density-functional theory (DFT) within the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) of Perdew–Burke–Ernzerhof (PBE) functional considering the Hubbard-U exchange-correlation. The band-gaps of AgInTe2 and AgGaTe2 are much larger than previous standard GGA functional results and agree well with the existing experimental data. The effective mass of the hole and the shape of density of states near the edge of the valence band indicate AgInTe2 and AgGaTe2 are considerable p-type thermoelectric materials. An analysis of lattice dynamics shows the low thermal conductivities of AgInTe2 and AgGaTe2. The thermoelectric transport properties' dependence on carrier concentration for p-type AgInTe2 and AgGaTe2 in a wide range of temperatures has been studied in detail. The results show that p-type AgInTe2 and AgGaTe2 at 800 K can achieve the merit values of 0.91 and 1.38 at about 2.12×10^20 cm^-3 and 1.97×10^20 cm^-3 carrier concentrations, respectively. This indicates p-type AgGaTe2 is a potential thermoelectric material at high temperature.