Free-living mesophotic Foraminiferal-Algal Nodules (FANs) have been discovered along the coast of the northern Saudi Arabian Red Sea (NEOM region) where they form a novel benthic ecosystem in mesophotic water depths on the continental shelf. Being mostly spheroidal, the nodules are transported en masse down slope, into the deep water of the basin, where they stop accreting. Radiometric dating informs that FANs can be more than two thousand years old and that they collectively contribute up to 66 g m^-2 year^-1 to the mesophotic benthic carbonate budget and account for at least 980 megatons of CaCO₃, a substantial contribution considering the depauperate production of carbonate by other means in this light-limited environment. Our findings advance the knowledge of mesophotic biodiversity and carbonate production, and provide data that will inform conservation policies in the Saudi Arabian Red Sea.

This dataset contains the raw data for the accompanying published article: Bracchi, V.A., Purkis, S.J., Marchese, F. et al. Mesophotic foraminiferal-algal nodules play a role in the Red Sea carbonate budget. Commun Earth Environ 4, 288 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-023-00944-w.

Please see the README document ("README_Dataset-MesophoticRedSeaFANs_v2.md")

GIS software is necessary to use and view Shapefile and Raster data. We advise the use of either ESRI ArcGIS or QuantumGIS (open-source).

An Image visualization tool is necessary to open JPG and TIFF file. Pre-installed PC, MAC, or Unix software are suggested.