Understanding the processes that drive reproductive success in marine fish stocks is critical to effective fisheries management. These processes can be difficult to investigate, especially in age-structured populations, because they occur at transgenerational scales. Reproductive success is often attributed to a small portion of the adult population (< 0.01%) and thought to be driven primarily by random external factors, consistent with the concept of sweepstakes reproductive success (SRS). A competing concept, the reproductive resilience paradigm, posits that fish have evolved complex spawner-recruit systems to achieve lifetime reproductive success and maintain population stability within highly variable environments. Here, we examine these two concepts. First, we analyze the popular sport fish red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus), drawing on genetic and reproductive data to estimate a plausible range for the N_e/N_A ratio of effective population size (N_e) to adult abundance (N_A) and to infer variance in lifetime reproductive success (V*_k). Then, we synthesize available data and infer  for two other fishes that have ratios reportedly > 0.10, the southern bluefin tuna (Thunnus maccoyii, Scombridae) and the silver seabream (Chrysophrys auratus, Sparidae). Although commonly regarded as an SRS species, red drum did not meet the SRS criterion. Overdispersed values were inferred for all three species, with those for red drum and silver seabream being dependent upon population-closure assumptions. Results are presented within the conceptual framework of reproductive resilience, considering the roles of random extrinsic forces versus evolved traits to achieve lifetime reproductive success and population stability in high and variable mortality environments.

Fish were captured, sampled non-invasively for genetic and histological material, and released. Genetic tissues were processed and analyzed at 9 microsatellite DNA loci using standard laboratory procedures. 

Data in the genotype file 'RD_All.txt' and those in folder 'RD_Sim' are in GenePop format and can be opened in compatible genetic programs.