The objectives of this study were to remove heavy metals from wastewater through biosorption method with modified biomass as both effective sorbent and prepare metal/biomass composites with the same modified biomass as direct template. Eggshell membrane (ESM) was selected and modified to adsorb heavy metals. Adsorption of metal ions on the modified ESM (MESM) might be attributed to electrostatic interaction, ion exchange and coordination effect with chelating ligands containing N and S on the surface of MESM. pH of solution was a key factor to affect the adsorption. The Cu-Ag/MESM composites with uniform Cu-Ag NPs were prepared with MESM as matrices, and with Cu2+ and Ag+ adsorbed as metal sources. The Cu-Ag/MESM showed excellent catalytic performance in the reduction of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol in aqueous phase. Because of the high stability of the Cu-Ag NPs supported on the macro-dimension supporter, Cu-Ag/MESM can be easily separated after the catalytic reaction and recycled.