Revised taxonomy of eastern North Pacific killer whales (Orcinus orca): Bigg’s and resident ecotypes deserve species status
Cite this dataset
Morin, Phillip A. et al. (2024). Revised taxonomy of eastern North Pacific killer whales (Orcinus orca): Bigg’s and resident ecotypes deserve species status [Dataset]. Dryad. https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.d7wm37q5n
Abstract
Killer whales (Orcinus orca) are currently recognized as a single ecologically and morphologically diverse, globally-distributed species. Multiple morphotypes or ecotypes have been described, often associated with feeding specialization, and several studies have suggested taxonomic revision to include multiple subspecies or species in the genus. We review the ecological, morphological and genetic data for the well-studied “resident” and Bigg’s (aka “transient”) ecotypes in the eastern North Pacific, and use quantitative taxonomic guidelines and standards to determine whether the taxonomic status of these killer whale ecotypes should be revised. Our review and new analyses indicate that species-level status is justified in both cases, and we conclude that eastern North Pacific Bigg’s killer whales should be recognized as Orcinus rectipinnus (Cope in Scammon, 1869), and resident killer whales should be recognized as Orcinus ater (Cope in Scammon, 1869).
README: Revised taxonomy of eastern North Pacific killer whales (Orcinus orca): Bigg’s and resident ecotypes deserve species status
https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.d7wm37q5n
Microsatellite genotypes from Parsons et al. 2013, filtered to include only samples of known ecotype, plus 5 unpublished offshore samples and genotype data that were not included in Parsons et al. (2013).
SNP genotypes from whole genome sequences from Kardos et al. (2023) (data provided by M. Kardos, Y. Zhang).
Kardos, M., Zhang, Y., Parsons, K.M., A, Y., Kang, H., Xu, X., Liu, X., Matkin, C.O., Zhang, P., Ward, E.J., et al. 2023. Inbreeding depression explains killer whale population dynamics. Nat Ecol Evol 7:675-686
Parsons, K.M., Durban, J.W., Burdin, A.M., Burkanov, V.N., Pitman, R.L., Barlow, J., Barrett-Lennard, L.G., LeDuc, R.G., Robertson, K.M., Matkin, C.O., et al. 2013. Geographic Patterns of Genetic Differentiation among Killer Whales in the Northern North Pacific. Journal of Heredity 104:737-754.
Description of the data and file structure
Parsons2013_NNP_KW_microsatellite_genotypes.csv. Microsatellite genotype data are organized in a spreadsheet (comma separated values; csv) file, including columns for: Sample ID, Ecotype, Latitude, Longitude, followed by two columns for the alleles of each microsatellite locus (N=26). Missing Latitude and Longitude data are indicated by “n/a”. Missing allele data are indicated by “0”.
Kardos2023_kw_147.vcf.txt.gz. SNP data are in a compressed variant call format (vcf) text file containing 6,371,282 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotypes from 147 killer whale genome sequences. File compression was done with gzip.
Kardos2023_147_strata.csv. The sample IDs and populations are provided in a csv file.
Sharing/Access information
The genome-wide SNP data from Kardos et al. 2023 were derived from the following sources:
NCBI data accessions CNR0480140 - CNR0480290, described in the Supplementary Table 5 of Kardos et al. 2023.
Methods
Dataset information has been previously published, and re-analyzed as described in the supplemental materials for the current publication.