In their natural habitats, animals experience multiple ecological factors and regulate their social responses accordingly. To unravel the impact of two ecological factors on the immediate behavioral response of groups, we conducted experiments on wild zebrafish shoals in arenas with vegetation, predator cues, both factors simultaneously, or neither (control treatments). Analysis of 297 trials revealed that while shoals formed significantly larger subgroups in the presence of predator cues, their subgroup size was comparable to control treatments when they faced predator cues and vegetation. Shoals were highly polarized in open arenas, in the absence of either ecological factor and in the presence of predator cues (with/without vegetation). The presence of vegetation alone, however, significantly reduced shoal polarization. Furthermore, food intake was significantly reduced when predator cues and/or vegetation were present. Tracking individuals revealed that: (i)individuals within shoals receiving predator cues had a significantly higher probability to continue being in a group compared to control treatments, and (ii)individuals occupying the front positions deviated lesser from their median position within a shoal as compared to other individuals regardless of predator cues. The adaptability of animals depends on behavioural responses to changing environments, making this study significant in the context of environmental changes.