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Dryad

Identifying the proximal cue(s) for pupal color variation in the bordered patch butterfly, Chlosyne lacinia (Geyer 1837; Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)

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Mar 28, 2024 version files 3.54 KB

Abstract

Color is a multifaceted trait with many functions such as predator defense, thermoregulation, and immune response. We investigated pupal color variation in Chlosyne lacinia pupae, focusing on identifying the cue for increased melanization. Through laboratory experiments, we demonstrated pupae reared on black backgrounds exhibited significantly higher melanization compared to those on white backgrounds. Additionally, black pupae experienced longer developmental periods, suggesting a trade-off between defense and developmental time. Our findings support crypsis as a likely evolutionary driver for increased melanization in response to substrate color. We discuss potential implications for predator avoidance, immune response, and developmental costs associated with melanization. This study provides insights into the adaptive significance of pupal melanization in response to environmental cues, shedding light on the complex interplay between life history traits in butterflies.