Data from: The function of the ophiuroid nerve ring: how a decentralized nervous system controls coordinated locomotion
Data files
Dec 11, 2018 version files 39.73 GB
-
MicroCT scans.zip
-
Specimen 10_1cut.mp4
-
Specimen 10_control.mp4
-
Specimen 11_1cut.mp4
-
Specimen 11_control.mp4
-
Specimen 12_1cut.mp4
-
Specimen 12_control.mp4
-
Specimen 13_5cut.mp4
-
Specimen 13_control.mp4
-
Specimen 14_2cut.mp4
-
Specimen 14_control.mp4
-
Specimen 15_1cut.mp4
-
Specimen 15_control.mp4
-
Specimen 16_1cut.mp4
-
Specimen 16_control.mp4
-
Specimen 17_2cut.mp4
-
Specimen 17_control.mp4
-
Specimen 18_2cut.mp4
-
Specimen 18_control.mp4
-
Specimen 19_2cut.mp4
-
Specimen 19_control.mp4
-
Specimen 2_1 cut.mp4
-
Specimen 2_2 cut.mp4
-
Specimen 2_Control.mp4
-
Specimen 20_1cut.mp4
-
Specimen 20_control.mp4
-
Specimen 21_1cut.mp4
-
Specimen 21_control.mp4
-
Specimen 22_1cut.mp4
-
Specimen 22_control.mp4
-
Specimen 23_1cut.mp4
-
Specimen 23_control.mp4
-
Specimen 24_2cut.mp4
-
Specimen 24_control.mp4
-
Specimen 25_2cut.mp4
-
Specimen 25_control.mp4
-
Specimen 26_1cut.mp4
-
Specimen 26_control.mp4
-
Specimen 27_1cut.mp4
-
Specimen 27_control.mp4
-
Specimen 28_1cut.mp4
-
Specimen 28_control.mp4
-
Specimen 29_1cut.mp4
-
Specimen 29_2cut.mp4
-
Specimen 29_control.mp4
-
Specimen 3_1 cut.mp4
-
Specimen 3_2 cut.mp4
-
Specimen 3_Control_Pt 1.mp4
-
Specimen 3_Control_Pt 2.mp4
-
Specimen 30_5cut.mp4
-
Specimen 30_control.mp4
-
Specimen 31_1cut.mp4
-
Specimen 31_control.mp4
-
Specimen 32_5cut.mp4
-
Specimen 32_control.mp4
-
Specimen 33_5cut.mp4
-
Specimen 33_control.mp4
-
Specimen 34_2arms.mp4
-
Specimen 34_control.mp4
-
Specimen 35_1cut.mp4
-
Specimen 35_control.mp4
-
Specimen 36_1cut.mp4
-
Specimen 36_control.mp4
-
Specimen 37_5cut.mp4
-
Specimen 37_control.mp4
-
Specimen 38_5cut.mp4
-
Specimen 38_control.mp4
-
Specimen 39_1cut.mp4
-
Specimen 39_control.mp4
-
Specimen 4_1 cut_Part A.mp4
-
Specimen 4_1 cut_Part B.mp4
-
Specimen 4_1 cut_Part C.mp4
-
Specimen 4_Control.mp4
-
Specimen 40_1cut.mp4
-
Specimen 40_control.mp4
-
Specimen 5_1 cut.mp4
-
Specimen 5_2cut.mp4
-
Specimen 5_Control.mp4
-
Specimen 6_1cut.mp4
-
Specimen 6_2cut.mp4
-
Specimen 6_control.mp4
-
Specimen 7_1cut.mp4
-
Specimen 7_2cut.mp4
-
Specimen 7_control.mp4
-
Specimen 8_1cut.mp4
-
Specimen 8_control.mp4
-
Specimen 9_1cut.mp4
-
Specimen 9_control.mp4
Dec 11, 2018 version files 79.46 GB
-
MicroCT scans.zip
-
Specimen 10_1cut.mp4
-
Specimen 10_control.mp4
-
Specimen 11_1cut.mp4
-
Specimen 11_control.mp4
-
Specimen 12_1cut.mp4
-
Specimen 12_control.mp4
-
Specimen 13_5cut.mp4
-
Specimen 13_control.mp4
-
Specimen 14_2cut.mp4
-
Specimen 14_control.mp4
-
Specimen 15_1cut.mp4
-
Specimen 15_control.mp4
-
Specimen 16_1cut.mp4
-
Specimen 16_control.mp4
-
Specimen 17_2cut.mp4
-
Specimen 17_control.mp4
-
Specimen 18_2cut.mp4
-
Specimen 18_control.mp4
-
Specimen 19_2cut.mp4
-
Specimen 19_control.mp4
-
Specimen 2_1 cut.mp4
-
Specimen 2_2 cut.mp4
-
Specimen 2_Control.mp4
-
Specimen 20_1cut.mp4
-
Specimen 20_control.mp4
-
Specimen 21_1cut.mp4
-
Specimen 21_control.mp4
-
Specimen 22_1cut.mp4
-
Specimen 22_control.mp4
-
Specimen 23_1cut.mp4
-
Specimen 23_control.mp4
-
Specimen 24_2cut.mp4
-
Specimen 24_control.mp4
-
Specimen 25_2cut.mp4
-
Specimen 25_control.mp4
-
Specimen 26_1cut.mp4
-
Specimen 26_control.mp4
-
Specimen 27_1cut.mp4
-
Specimen 27_control.mp4
-
Specimen 28_1cut.mp4
-
Specimen 28_control.mp4
-
Specimen 29_1cut.mp4
-
Specimen 29_2cut.mp4
-
Specimen 29_control.mp4
-
Specimen 3_1 cut.mp4
-
Specimen 3_2 cut.mp4
-
Specimen 3_Control_Pt 1.mp4
-
Specimen 3_Control_Pt 2.mp4
-
Specimen 30_5cut.mp4
-
Specimen 30_control.mp4
-
Specimen 31_1cut.mp4
-
Specimen 31_control.mp4
-
Specimen 32_5cut.mp4
-
Specimen 32_control.mp4
-
Specimen 33_5cut.mp4
-
Specimen 33_control.mp4
-
Specimen 34_2arms.mp4
-
Specimen 34_control.mp4
-
Specimen 35_1cut.mp4
-
Specimen 35_control.mp4
-
Specimen 36_1cut.mp4
-
Specimen 36_control.mp4
-
Specimen 37_5cut.mp4
-
Specimen 37_control.mp4
-
Specimen 38_5cut.mp4
-
Specimen 38_control.mp4
-
Specimen 39_1cut.mp4
-
Specimen 39_control.mp4
-
Specimen 4_1 cut_Part A.mp4
-
Specimen 4_1 cut_Part B.mp4
-
Specimen 4_1 cut_Part C.mp4
-
Specimen 4_Control.mp4
-
Specimen 40_1cut.mp4
-
Specimen 40_control.mp4
-
Specimen 5_1 cut.mp4
-
Specimen 5_2cut.mp4
-
Specimen 5_Control.mp4
-
Specimen 6_1cut.mp4
-
Specimen 6_2cut.mp4
-
Specimen 6_control.mp4
-
Specimen 7_1cut.mp4
-
Specimen 7_2cut.mp4
-
Specimen 7_control.mp4
-
Specimen 8_1cut.mp4
-
Specimen 8_control.mp4
-
Specimen 9_1cut.mp4
-
Specimen 9_control.mp4
Abstract
Echinoderms lack a centralized nervous control system yet each extant echinoderm class has evolved unique and effective strategies for locomotion. Brittle stars (Ophiuroidea) stride swiftly over the seafloor by coordinating motions of their five muscular arms. Their arms consist of many repeating segments, requiring them to use a complex control system to coordinate motions among segments and between arms. We conducted in vivo experiments with brittle stars to analyze the functional role of the nerve ring, which connects the nerves in each arm. These experiments were designed to determine how the ophiuroid nervous system performs complex decision-making and locomotory actions under decentralized control. Our results show that brittle star arms must be connected by the nerve ring for coordinated locomotion, but information can travel bidirectionally around the nerve ring so that it circumvents the severance. Evidence presented indicates that ophiuroids rely on adjacent nerve ring connections for sustained periodic movements. The number of arms connected via the nerve ring is correlated positively with the likelihood that the animal will show coordinated locomotion, indicating that integrated nerve ring tissue is critical for control. The results of the experiments should provide a basis for the advancement of complex artificial decentralized systems.