Macroinvertebrate and environmental data of Wudalianchi Lake contained macroinvertebrate composition and environmental variable data of three seasons. There were three groups of environmental data, i.e. lake morphology (i.e. surface area, maximum depth and perimeter) and human-induced environmental changes of lakes (land use types in the buffer zone of 100 m width around lakes and water quality). Water quality inclued dissolved oxygen, water temperature, secchi depth, water depth, total phosphorus, total nitrogen, and chlorophyll a concentration. Macroinvertebrate composition data was the abundance of each species at different sampling sites.