Hydrothermal carbonization of vegetable-tanned leather shavings (HTC-VTS) for environmental remediation: optimization of process conditions
Data files
Aug 30, 2023 version files 7.88 MB
Abstract
Herein, the response surface methodology (RSM) has been used to study simultaneously the effects of carbonization temperature, residence time, and moisture content on the activated hydrochar preparation-based vegetable-tanned leather shavings (VTS) using hydrothermal carbonization method (HTC). Owing to the desirability chosen, three responses were analysed, namely: the hydrochar yield, iodine, and methylene blue numbers. The analysis of experimental results revealed that the hydrochar yield was decreased with an increase in carbonization temperature which led to micropores formation inside the hydrochar network. The optimal preparation conditions retained were: 83.10%, 390.44 mg/g, and 259.63 mg/g for the hydrochar yield, iodine, and methylene blue number respectively. The hydrochar micrograph showed the presence of external pores, whereas the FTIR analysis recorded the presence of acidic functional groups found on hydrochar surface. The findings revealed that the VTS is a good precursor for the hydrochar preparation useful in the removal of organic and inorganic pollutants in aqueous media.
README: Title: Hydrothermal carbonization of vegetable-tanned leather shavings (HTC-VTS) for environmental remediation: optimization of process conditions
The data uploaded can be used to reproduce the experiments. These include SEM, IR, DTA and TGA using programs like origin and excel.
- The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) data are obtained by adsorption-desorption of nitrogen (N2) on to activated hydrochar obtained at optimal conditions, using TriStar 3000 V6.05 A apparatus. This device measures the Relative pressure (P/P0) vs Quantity Adsorbed (cm/g STP) which is used to determine the surface area, pore structure (pores distribution, volume and size of pores) as reported in the file named
BET\_VTS\_HTC\. - Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) is used to determine the loss of mass with increasing temperature and DTA (Differential Thermal analysis) is used to determine the transformation of material compared to an inert matter choose as reference. The data provided herein measures the temperature against the mass of the sample. More precisely, the different files
TGA 5C\_min,TGA 10C\_min,TGA 15C\_min,TGA 20C\_minandTGA 50C\_minare respectively the rate of increase temperature for the TGA of prepared activated Hydrochar. - Infrared (IR) spectroscopy gives the absorbance of light against frequency measures in the IR domain of the electromagnetic spectrum. This method is useful to get the functional groups find in the sample. These IR data are obtained from VTS-HTC (Vegetal Tanned Shaved-Hydrothermal Carbonization) of samples at optimal conditions and are located in Zenodo.
- The SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) images of the hydrochar prepared through hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) at different resolutions as well as EDX that provides elementary analysis of samples are presented in the SEM - VTS-HTC-DATA-Report file. For that purpose, the file named SEM - VTS-HTC-DATA-Report presents images of the materials taken at different resolutions and are located in Zenodo.
Methods
FTIR Analysis, SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy), BET (Brunauer-Emmett-Teller)_VTS_HTC (Vegetal Tanned Shaved-Hydrothermal Carbonization), and TGA (Thermogravimetric analysis)