Ficus (figs) and their agaonid wasp pollinators present an ecologically important mutualism that also provides a rich comparative system for studying functional co-diversification throughout its coevolutionary history (~75 million years). We obtained entire nuclear, mitochondrial, and chloroplast genomes for 15 species representing all major clades of Ficus. Multiple analyses of these genomic data suggest that hybridization events have occurred throughout Ficus evolutionary history. Furthermore, cophylogenetic reconciliation analyses detect significant incongruence among all nuclear, chloroplast, and mitochondrial-based phylogenies, none of which correspond with any published phylogenies of the associated pollinator wasps. These findings are most consistent with frequent host-switching by the pollinators, leading to fig hybridization, even between distantly related clades. Here, we suggest that these pollinator host-switches and fig hybridization events are a dominant feature of fig/wasp coevolutionary history, and by generating novel genomic combinations in the figs have likely contributed to the remarkable diversity exhibited by this mutualism.

Data from: "Genomic evidence of prevalent hybridization throughout the evolutionary history of the fig-wasp pollination mutualism," which will be published in Nature Communications by Wang et al. (NCOMMS-19-539420C).

Detail information as:

Appendix 1: Results for tree construction under ASTRAL

Appendix 2: Results of analyses under BUCKy

Appendix 3: Results for Ficus divergence times under MCMCTree

Appendix 4: Results for reconstruction of ancestral distributions of Ficus lineages under all six models in BioGeoBEARS 

Appendix 5: Chloroplast and mitochondrial genomic sequences and ML phylogenies

Appendix 6: Results for hybridization detection under PhyloNetworks

Appendix 7: JANE analyses data and phylogenies used

Appendix 8: Chloroplast phylogeny of 59 figs studied by Bruun-Lund et al. 2017