1. The restoration of habitats degraded by industrial disturbance is essential for achieving conservation objectives in disturbed landscapes. In boreal ecosystems, disturbances from seismic exploration lines and other linear features have adversely affected biodiversity, most notably leading to declines in threatened woodland caribou. Large-scale restoration of disturbed habitats is needed, yet empirical assessments of restoration effectiveness on wildlife communities remain rare.

2. We used 73 camera trap deployments from 2015-2019 and joint species distribution models to investigate how habitat use by the larger vertebrate community (>0.2 kg) responded to variation in key seismic line characteristics (line-of-sight, width, density and mounding) following restoration treatments in a landscape disturbed by oil and gas development in northeastern Alberta.

3. The proportion of variation explained by line characteristics was low in comparison to habitat type and season, suggesting short-term responses to restoration treatments were relatively weak. However, we predicted that lines with characteristics consistent with restored conditions would support altered community composition, with reduced use by wolf and coyote, thereby indicating that line restoration will result in reduced contact rates between caribou and these key predators.

4. Our analysis provides a framework to assess and predict wildlife community responses to emerging restoration efforts. With the growing importance of habitat restoration for caribou and other vertebrate species, we recommend longer-term monitoring combined with landscape-scale comparisons of different restoration approaches to more fully understand and direct these critical conservation investments. Only by combining rigorous multispecies monitoring with large-scale restoration will we effectively conserve biodiversity within rapidly changing environments.

For data collection methods please see the associated paper. The raw data from this project was processed through the WildCo labs Singe site data processing tool (https://github.com/WildCoLab/SingleSiteExploration) - to produce the 30min independent data given here: Algar_2015_2019_30min_Independent_JPE_Beirne_et_al_2021. This data set was then processed to give the total observations summary (total_observations_JPE_Beirne_et_al_2021), monthly counts summary (monthly_counts_JPE_Beirne_et_al_2021) and 6 month counts Y data used in the HMSC models (YData_dataframe_format_JPE_Beirne_et_al_2021). Raw station data (Raw_station_data_JPE_Beirne_et_al_2021) were standardised using the MuMIn package to give the XData used in the analysis (XData_JPE_Beirne_et_al_2021). The R code to reproduce the analysis is (Community_analysis_JPE_Beirne_at_al_2021) and also stored on GitHub (https://github.com/ChrisBeirne/Multispecies_modelling_JPE_Beirne_2021).